AIRLAW QUIZ

A red letter L is used as a signal at an airport to indicate that light aircraft are permitted to take off and land: 

See page 84 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

A TMZ is an area established within which all aircraft must be equipped with the type of transponder specified for a particular zone, and operate in accordance  with any required instructions.

Page 74 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

In the UK, the Registered Owner of the aircraft is legally responsible for maintaining the correct registration details with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

See page 90 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

To see your height (your distance directly above the ground at a specific airfield), you use the QFE setting.

1. QFE (Query Field Elevation)

• Definition: This is the atmospheric pressure at the airfield you are using.

• Result: When you set the QFE, your altimeter will read zero while you are on the runway.

• Use: It is mostly used by pilots flying in the “circuit” (the local traffic pattern) at an airport so they know exactly how high they are above that specific runway.

• Mnemonic: Think of the “F” in QFE as standing for Field (as in “Field Elevation”)

See page 109 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

When flying VFR (Visual Flight Rules) in the UK at altitudes above 3,000 feet, the vertical clearance you must maintain from cloud is 1,000 feet.

This is part of the standard VMC (Visual Meteorological Conditions) minima. While your rules below 3,000 feet allow you to simply stay “clear of cloud,” once you climb higher, the requirements become more strict to ensure separation from faster-moving traffic.

The Full Set of Requirements (Above 3,000 ft)

Between 3,000 feet and Flight Level 100 (10,000 ft), you must maintain the following:

• Vertical Distance from Cloud: 1,000 ft (both above and below).

• Horizontal Distance from Cloud: 1,500 m

• Flight Visibility: 5km

CAA Sera LINK

See page 73 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Flying higher may provide advantages such as:

> Better view for navigation;
> Greater range in the event of an engine failure;
> Traffic density may reduce with altitude;
> Less turbulence;
> Improved true airspeed and fuel burn; and
> Improved radio reception.

See Page 43 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

A minimum 6 hours must be completed in the 12 months leading up to the renewal date, with a minimum total of 12 take-offs and landings.

BMAA Link HERE

This movement is the standard visual signal meaning “You may proceed.”

According to the ICAO and CAA (Rules of the Air), an intercepting aircraft will perform this “Series 2” signal once they have identified you or are satisfied that you are no longer a threat/restriction.

Page 150 (Number 2) of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

VFR flight when the surface visibility is being reported as less than 5 km is not recommended. You are unlikely to have a clear horizon to control the aircraft, and navigating visually will be difficult.

See Page 41 of the Skyway Code [LINK]

When an aircraft is overtaking another in the air, the pilot of the overtaking aircraft should pass by altering course to the right.

Page 63 of the Skyway Code LINK

See page 79 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

• Flashing Green: Return for landing (go-around).
• Steady Green: Cleared to land.
• Flashing Red: Airport unsafe, do not land.
• Steady Red: Give way and continue circling. 

• Flashing Green: Cleared to taxi.
• Steady Green: Cleared for takeoff.
• Flashing Red: Taxi clear of the runway.
• Steady Red: Stop. 

see page 52 CAA LINK

In the UK, a microlight is classified as a Non-EASA aircraft (also known as a Non-Part 21 aircraft).

Even though the UK has left the EU, we still use these terms to distinguish between aircraft regulated by international European standards and those regulated by our own national rules.

1. Why is it Non-EASA?

Under the “Basic Regulation,” the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) allows certain categories of aircraft to be managed by individual countries rather than by the central European body. These are often referred to as Annex I aircraft.

Microlights fall into this category because:

• They are considered sport and recreational aircraft.

• They operate on a Permit to Fly rather than a standard Certificate of Airworthiness.

• The UK CAA (and organizations like the BMAA) manages their design, safety, and licensing standards locally.

See chart on page 17 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

• Pilot Licence & Medical: Valid UK Pilot Licence (with appropriate ratings) and a medical certificate accepted by the destination country (UK Medical Declaration usually not enough for Europe).
• Aircraft Documents: Valid UK Registration Document, National Permit to Fly (for non-SSDRs), and Insurance Certificate (valid for Europe).
• Radio Licence: Valid Radio Station Licence and Pilot’s Radio Licence (LPE).
• Passport/ID: Valid passport for the pilot and any passengers. 

BMAA LINK

See Page 89 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

BMAA Link

Page 1 of TIL027

All aeroplanes, whether microlights or otherwise have some kind of instrumentation fitted. BCAR Section S as a minimum requires that a microlight should be fitted with an altimeter and ASI, along with the minimum engine instruments required by the engine manufacturer.

A HASELL check is a vital pre-manoeuvre safety checklist used by pilots before performing “unusual” or “stalling” manoeuvres (like stalls, steep turns, or advanced handling).

It ensures that the aircraft is in the right place, you have enough height to recover, and that everything inside is safe.

The HASELL Acronym

• H — Height: Do you have enough height to recover? For an NPPL microlight pilot, the standard practice is to be at a height where you will have completed the recovery by at least 3,000 feet AGL.

• A — Airframe: Is the plane configured correctly?Check your flaps (usually UP for stalls), fuel pump (if fitted), and that the brakes are OFF.

• S — Security: Are you and any passengers (like Karin or the boys) strapped in tight? Are there any loose objects (like a camera or a tablet) that could fly around the cockpit?

• E — Engine: Check your “T’s and P’s” (Temperatures and Pressures) are in the green.

• L — Location: Are you clear of:

  • A — Active airfields

  • B — Built-up areas

  • C — Cloud and Controlled airspace

  • D — Danger areas¹⁰

• L — Lookout: Perform a “clearing turn” (at least one 180 degree turns or two 90 degree turns) to make sure there is no other traffic above, below, or behind you.

Page 28 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

In the UK, the current Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) for a two-seat microlight depends on how the aircraft is classified. As of 2026, there are two main categories:

1. Modern “Light Sport” Microlights

For newer designs (or older ones that have been officially recertified), the limit is significantly higher:

• 600kg: For a standard two-seat landplane.

• 650kg: For a two-seat amphibian or floatplane.

• Condition: These aircraft must have a stalling speed of no more than 45 knots

BMAA LINK

1. The Standard Legal Minimum (1.5 km)

For a fixed-wing aircraft (including microlights) operating at a speed of 140 knots or less below 3,000 feet, the absolute legal minimum flight visibility is:

• 1,500 metres (1.5 km)

• Requirement: You must remain clear of cloud and with the surface in sight.

(Note: While 1.5 km is the legal “floor,” most flight schools and the BMAA strongly advise against flying in anything less than 3–5 km for safety.)

CAA ** See Note 4 **  LINK

See age 73 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

This is used by a ground handler to tell the pilot to stop immediately.

see page 55 of CAPS637 LINK

page 86 Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

To obtain a NPPL with a Microlight Class Rating you must complete flight training with a UK Civil Aviation Authority authorised flying instructor entitled to instruct on microlights. You must be at least 16 to fly solo, and you must be at least 17 to hold a UK NPPL.

BMAA LINK

A Microlight pilot needs only 1 hour tuition in the 2 year period – not every year

BMAA LINK

See page 73 of Brian Cosgrove (8th edition)

VOLMET (derived from the French words vol for flight and météo for weather) is a continuous radio broadcast that provides real-time meteorological information to aircraft in flight.

It is designed to give pilots up-to-date weather data for major aerodromes over a wide geographical area, helping them make informed decisions about descent, approach, and potential diversions

Please see page 14 of the Skyway Code LINK

• United Kingdom (CAA): Lighting is legally mandated for structures of a height of 150 meters AGL or more that are not in the immediate vicinity of a licensed aerodrome. Structures with a height of 45 meters or higher generally require some form of medium-intensity lighting.

CAA LINK

See page 87 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

A panel or flag consisting of red and yellow squares
indicates that aircraft may taxi only in accordance with
ATC instructions.

Page 49 of CAP637 (Visual Aids) LINK

See page 83 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

In aviation, VMC stands for Visual Meteorological Conditions.

Essentially, these are the weather conditions—specifically visibility and distance from clouds—that allow a pilot to fly by looking out the window to navigate and avoid other aircraft, rather than relying solely on instruments.

What makes up VMC?

In the UK, VMC is defined by three main factors:

1. Flight Visibility: How far you can see ahead (measured in kilometres).

2. Horizontal Distance from Cloud: How far you must stay away from the sides of clouds.

   Vertical Distance from Cloud: How far you must stay above or below clouds.

See page 92 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

When following a prominent line of landmarks—such as a road, railway, canal, or coastline—pilots in the UK should keep the landmark on their left-hand side.

This effectively means you fly to the right of the feature.

Why the Left Side?

This is known as the “Right-Hand Traffic Rule.” Much like driving on the left side of the road ensures that oncoming traffic passes you on your right, this aviation rule ensures that:

• Separation: If another aircraft is following the same landmark from the opposite direction, both pilots will be flying on their respective right-hand sides of the feature, keeping them safely separated.

• Visibility: Since the pilot in command usually sits in the left-hand seat (as is standard in most light aircraft and microlights), keeping the landmark to the left provides the best possible view of the reference point you are following.

See page 79 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

You may fly under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) when
in ‘visual meteorological conditions’ (VMC). Flying
under VFR essentially means you may fly and
manoeuvre as you wish, subject to the Rules of
the Air and clearance to enter controlled airspace.

See page 73 of Brian Cosgrove (8th Edition)

Page 65 of the Skyway Code LINK

Control Area (CTA) – Airspace Structure
Definition: A defined block of airspace providing Air Traffic Control (ATC) service, but unlike a Control Zone (CTR), it starts at a specified altitude above the ground, not from the surface.

page 4 – subsection (m) CAA LINK

Ref Page 75 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

In the UK, flying in an air display or exhibition is strictly regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). The rules are designed to protect the public and ensure safety at low altitudes.

Here are the key requirements for any pilot wishing to participate:

1. Mandatory Documents & Manuals

All civil air displays must follow the rules set out in two primary documents:

• CAP 403: The “bible” for air displays. it covers the safety and administrative requirements for organizers and pilots.

• CAP 1724: The standards document specifically for Display Authorisation (DA) and evaluation.

CAA Regulations LINK

A white disc displayed alongside the cross arm of the T in line with the shaft of the T signifies that the direction of landing and take-off do not necessarily coincide.

Page 46 of CAP 637 (Visual Aids) LINK

See page 82 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

A black letter ‘C’ on a yellow background means pilots of visiting aircraft should report here. (Reporting Point)

See page 83 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Page 49 of CAP 637 (Visual Aids) LINK

Flying 10nm off the coast—a flight plan is not legally mandatory, but it is strongly advised.

You must file a flight plan if your flight falls into any of these categories:

• Crossing International Borders: If you fly from the UK to France, the Republic of Ireland, or even just cross the FIR boundary (the line between UK and international airspace), a flight plan is a legal requirement.

• Controlled Airspace: If you need to enter Class A, B, C, or D airspace (like a Control Zone around a major airport), a flight plan is required.

See page 77 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

No, a transponder is not mandatory for a Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone (MATZ) in the UK.

However, there are a few important details to keep in mind regarding how they work:

1. Legal Status

A MATZ is essentially Class G (uncontrolled) airspace for civilian pilots. Legally, you do not even need to ask for permission to enter or have a radio to fly through one.

• The Exception: Most MATZs contain a smaller ATZ (Aerodrome Traffic Zone). You must have permission (or have established two-way radio contact, depending on the unit) to enter the ATZ portion.

2. Transponder Mandatory Zones (TMZ)

While a MATZ itself doesn’t require a transponder, some military airfields have an overlapping TMZ (Transponder Mandatory Zone).

• If a TMZ is in place, you must have a working transponder to enter that specific area unless you have prior permission from Air Traffic Control.

• You can identify these on your chart by looking for the purple semi-circle borders.

3. Best Practice (Airmanship)

Even though it isn’t a legal requirement, it is strongly recommended to use a transponder if you have one.

• Military jets move very quickly (often 300 knots ).

• Having your transponder on “Altitude” (Mode C or S) allows controllers to see you clearly and keep fast-moving traffic away from you.

• If you don’t have a transponder, just tell the controller “Negative Transponder” when you call for a MATZ penetration.

Page 71 of the Skyway Code LINK

See page 77/78 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

see Page 89 Skyway Code LINK

For BMAA microlight flying, you typically use the CAA Pilot Medical Declaration (Self-Declaration) for ages 14-70, confirming fitness to fly, similar to driving standards.

BMAA LINK

In simple terms, an Airway is a “motorway in the sky.” It is a designated corridor of controlled airspace that connects major airports and navigation points.

Just like a motorway has a specific width and speed, a UK Airway has defined dimensions and strict rules.

1. The Dimensions

• Width: Most UK airways are 10 nautical miles wide (5 miles on either side of the centre line).

• The Floor (Base): They don’t start at the ground. Most have a “floor” that starts at Flight Level 70 (7,000 ft) or Flight Level 100 (10,000 feet).

See page 75 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

While the Pilot in Command is responsible for the flight, the Operator (Owner) is responsible for the maintenance and legal paperwork of the aircraft.

See page 90 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

BMAA Til_064 Guide to airworthiness  LINK

For Licence Revalidation (Every 2 Years)

To revalidate your Microlight rating by experience, you must have completed at least:

• 12 take-offs and 12 landings within the 24-month validity period of your rating.

The full 2-year requirements are:

• 12 hours of total flight time.

• 6 hours must be flown in the 12 months immediately before the rating expires.

• 1 hour of dual flight training with an instructor.

BMAA LINK

See Page 73 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

90 day rule: In order to carry passengers, you must have completed within the previous 90 days, three take-offs and landings as sole manipulator of the controls in the same type or class to be used on the flight.

Page 22 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

• 121.5 MHz: The main international VHF emergency frequency for civilian aircraft, used for “Mayday” or “Pan-Pan” calls.

Page 137 of the SKYWAY CODE LINK

For non-Part 21 aircraft flying within the UK, there are no document carriage requirements other than charts for navigation.

Page 25 of the SKYWAY CODE  LINK

This is a chart symbol you will see on a 1:250,000 or 1:500,000 VFR sectional chart.

• The Letter “G”: Stands for Glider Site.

• The Number “2.5”: This indicates the maximum altitude (in thousands of feet) that glider activity normally takes place at that site. In this case, gliders may be found up to 2,500 ft AMSL.

• The Circle: The broken circle around the G indicates the general area of activity.

See Page 42 of the Skyway Code LINK

Restricted airspace (temporary) may be established around large air displays or other significant public gatherings.
Under the Restriction of Flying Regulations, entry
to such airspace may be prohibited or restricted.
This will normally be detailed in a ‘Mauve’ AIC.

See Page 32 of the Skyway Code LINK

Part-NCO contains pilot responsibilities, operational rules and aircraft equipment requirements. It is applicable to non-commercial and flight training operations with ‘other-than complex motor-powered’ Part 21 aeroplanes and helicopters

Please see page 17 of the Skyway Code LINK

To keep your licence valid and prove your experience, the following details are compulsory for every flight:

1. Basic Flight Information
Date: The date the flight took place.

Aircraft Details: The registration (tail number) and the type/model of the aircraft (e.g., G-ABCD, Cessna 172).

Place of Departure & Arrival: The ICAO code or name of the airfields you flew from and to.

2. Time (Block Time)
Departure/Arrival Times: The time the aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking off until it finally comes to rest after landing.

Total Flight Time: This is “block-to-block” time, not just the time spent in the air.

3. Pilot Roles & Experience
Pilot-in-Command (PIC): The name of the person acting as the commander. If you are flying solo, you enter your own name.

Function: You must specify your role for that flight:

PIC: Operating as the commander.

Dual: Receiving instruction with an instructor.

PICUS: Pilot-in-Command Under Supervision

See page 74 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition or

ANO Page 103 [LINK]

When flying above 3,000 ft AMSL (or above 1,000 ft above terrain, whichever is higher), the VMC requirements for horizontal distance from cloud are:

• 1,500 metres horizontally.

In addition to this horizontal clearance, you must also maintain:

CAA LINK

See page 73 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

ICAO stands for the International Civil Aviation Organization.

It is a specialized agency of the United Nations, based in Montreal, Canada.

What does it do?

Essentially, ICAO is the global body that creates the “rulebook” for aviation. It sets the international standards and regulations necessary for:

• Safety: Ensuring planes don’t crash and that pilot training is consistent worldwide.

• Security: Protecting aviation from unlawful interference (like terrorism).

• Efficiency: Harmonising rules so a plane can fly from the UK to any other country without changing its basic procedures.

• Environment: Managing the global impact of aviation on the climate.

See this link  LINK

A red letter L displayed on the dumb-bell signifies that light aircraft are permitted to take-off and land either on a runway or on the area on the aerodrome designated by a large white letter L.

Page 47 of CAP673 (Visual Aids) LINK

See Page 83 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Page 4 of CAA Safety Sense Leaflet 06 LINK

See page 84 of  Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

In aviation, an Identification Beacon is a specific type of aeronautical ground light used to help a pilot identify a particular airfield or reference point from the air.

How to Identify Them

The colour of the light tells you what kind of airfield you are looking at:

Page 10 of CAP 637 (Visual Aids) LINK

See page 87 Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

A Terminal Manouvering Area (TMA) is similar to a complex, layered control area (CTA) surrounding major airports, acting as the crucial transition zone connecting en-route airways with the airport’s control zone (CTR) for managing high volumes of arriving and departing aircraft

CAA LINK

See page 75 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

1. Who can provide a Basic Service?

A Basic Service can only be provided by:

• Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs): Based at larger airports or radar centers (like Scottish Information).

• Flight Information Service Officers (FISOs): These are trained professionals who operate at certain aerodromes or area control centers but are not full controllers.

2. Who CANNOT provide it?

• Air/Ground (A/G) Operators: Smaller airfields often use “Air/Ground” radio (marked as “Radio” on your charts). These operators can give you basic airfield information (like the wind or the runway in use), but they cannot legally provide a “Basic Service.”

CAA LINK

See page 88 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Where a closed Runway is available for emergency use and providing it has been inspected in the previous six months and declared serviceable for an emergency
landing at any time, an underscored closed marking may be placed at each end of the runway

Page 2 of Regulatory Article 3519 LINK

See page 84 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

The aircraft must not be flown closer than 500 ft to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure except with the permission of the CAA.

Page 60 of the Skyway Code LINK

See page 78 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

FIS (Flight Information Service) in aviation is a crucial service providing essential advice and information (weather, traffic, hazards) for safe and efficient flight, especially in uncontrolled airspace
Please see page 12 of the Skyway Code LINK

QFE (the atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation)

When QFE is set, your altimeter will indicate your height above the elevation of the aerodrome.

See Page 109 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

CAA Link HERE

On the VFR chart the large digits in each
box created by the lat/long lines, known
as the ‘maximum elevation figure’
(MEF)

See page 45 of Skyway Code LINK

A Military Air Traffic Zone (MATZ) extends in a 5 nautical mile radius cylinder up to 3,000 feet Above Aerodrome Level (AAL) around a military airfield, often with stubs along runways

Page 71 of Skyway Code LINK

See page 77 of the Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

In the UK, under the Air Navigation Order (ANO), aircraft logbooks must be preserved for 2 years after the aircraft (or its specific equipment) has been destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use.

This rule ensures that a complete maintenance and operational history is available for investigation or audit purposes even after the aircraft is no longer flying.

What needs to be kept?

This retention rule applies to the three primary logbooks for a registered aircraft:

• Aircraft Logbook: The main record of the airframe, flying hours, and structural inspections.

• Engine Logbook: A dedicated record for each engine fitted.

• Propeller Logbook: A record for any variable-pitch propellers (if applicable to your microlight).

CAA Ref 227/10  in ANO 2016 LINK

See Page 74 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Personal Details: Pilot name
Flight Date: Date of each flight.
Locations: Places of departure and arrival.
Times: Times of departure, arrival, and total Flight duration (hours/minutes).
Aircraft Details: Aircraft type, and registration.
Pilot Function: Your role (PIC, Solo, Dual, Instructor, etc.).

See page 74 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen) in the UK are official alerts issued by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to inform pilots and airspace users about temporary hazards, changes to facilities, services, or procedures that are essential for safe flight operations, covering activities from air displays and drone flights to construction projects

See Page 88 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

NOTAMS LINK

A white double cross signifies that glider flying is in progress.

Page 47 of CAP637 (Visual Aids) LINK

See page 82 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

An aircraft “flight” is legally defined by the Air Navigation Order (ANO) as the period from when power is applied for takeoff until the landing run ends

Page 12 of ANO 2016 LINK

Ref Page 78 of Cosgrove

Raise right arm to head level with wand pointing up and start a circular motion with hand; at the same time, with left arm raised above head level, point to engine to be started.

See page 86 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition or

Page 57 of CAP637 LINK

In aviation, ANO stands for Air Navigation Order, which is the primary legal document, setting out the rules and regulations for all UK civil aviation activities, covering everything from aircraft operations and pilot licensing to airspace management.
Page 69 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

What counts as a “Reportable Accident”?

For a pilot, a report is compulsory if the event took place between people boarding with the intent of flight and everyone disembarking, and resulted in:

• Serious Injury: Such as a broken bone (excluding fingers/toes), internal organ damage, or hospitalisation for more than 48 hours.

• Structural Damage: Damage that affects the strength or flight characteristics of the aircraft (e.g., a collapsed landing gear or a tail strike).

• Missing Aircraft: If the aircraft is completely inaccessible or the search for it has ended.

BMAA Accident report form LINK

Ref Page 89 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

According to the CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) and the Air Navigation Order, checking NOTAMs is a legal requirement before every flight.

The pilot in command is responsible for taking all “reasonable steps” to ensure the flight can be made safely.

Please see Page 30 of the Skyway Code LINK

NOTAMs LINK

In aviation, Flight Level (FL) 100 is a way of describing an altitude of 10,000 feet based on a standard pressure setting.

It’s pronounced “Flight Level One Zero Zero,” and it means the aircraft’s altimeter, set to the standard pressure setting (1013.25 hPa), reads 10,000 feet, which is roughly 10,000 feet above mean sea level under standard conditions. 

See Page 109 Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

The Operational Limitations at initial issue are:

1. The pilot may not carry any passenger
2. The pilot may not fly with a cloud base less than 1000 feet above ground level or with less than 10 kilometres visibility
3. The pilot may not fly further than 8 nautical miles from take-off.

See page 72 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

BMAA LINK

In this scenario, the other aircraft is travelling from your left to your right.

Here is the breakdown of why:

The Rule: By international standard, all aircraft have a green light on the right wing (starboard) and a red light on the left wing (port).

The Sight: Because you can only see the green light, you are looking at the right-hand side of that aircraft.

The Direction: For you to see its right wing as it passes in front of you (and through the cloud), its nose must be pointed toward the right.

Quick Reference for Navigation Lights:

Only a Green light:   Crossing from your left to your right.

Only a Red light:       Crossing from your right to your left.

Both Red and Green:  Flying directly toward you.

Only a White light:     Flying directly away from you.

Page 85 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

Crosses of a single contrasting colour, white on runways and yellow on taxiways, displayed horizontally on runways and taxiways or parts thereof indicate an area unfit for movement of aircraft.

Page 22 of Cap 637 (Visual Aids) LINK

See Page 84 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

An NPPL (National Private Pilot Licence) microlight class rating is valid for 24 months.

Please see Page 72 of Brian Cosgrove 8th Edition

BMAA Link HERE

In the UK, for the purposes of flight information and air traffic control, there are two main Flight Information Regions (FIRs) that cover the landmass of Scotland and England:

1. London FIR (EGTT): Covers all of England and Wales.

2. Scottish FIR (EGPX): Covers all of Scotland and Northern Ireland.

See  Page 10 Skyway Code  LINK